Glossary
Advanced practice is described in terms of a professional’s experience, beyond-entry competency, or additional training. The term ‘advanced’ is relevant for both generalist and focused clinical settings and to specific client groups and geographical settings (Ward, 2019).
Advocacy is speaking and acting to promote and support the human rights of others and protect their welfare and justice. It is supporting individuals and communities to advocate for and represent their own needs. It involves advancing the profession of speech pathology in the areas of public health and policy, to benefit individuals and communities with communication and swallowing needs (American Speech-Language Hearing Association [ASHA], n.d.; Disability Advocacy Network Australia, 2021).
An autonomous professional is equipped to make decisions about service delivery based on the professional’s own knowledge and expertise in accordance with the knowledge base of the profession, legislation, regulation, and relevant code of ethics (Skar, 2010; World Confederation for Physical Therapy, 2017).
Credentialing is the process of validating an individual’s qualifications, skills, experience, training and/or competency to perform certain procedures or service activities against a set of recognised standards (Speech Pathology Australia [SPA], 2019).
Cultural responsiveness or culturally responsive practice ‘is the means by which cultural safety is achieved, maintained and governed. Culturally responsive practice recognises the centrality of culture to people’s identity and working with people to determine what is culturally safe care for them as individuals’ (Indigenous Allied Health Australia [IAHA], 2019, p. 3).
Cultural safety is experienced by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples when individual cultural ways of being, preferences and strengths are identified and included in policies and processes, and the planning, delivery, monitoring and evaluation of care. It describes a state where all people are enabled and feel they can access care that suits their needs, challenge personal and institutional racism (when they experience it), establish trust in services, and expect effective, quality care. The individual determines whether the service they receive is culturally safe, or not (IAHA, 2019, p. 2).
Elders are men and women in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities who are respected for their wisdom and knowledge of their culture, particularly the lore. Male and female Elders, who have higher levels of knowledge, maintain social order according to the lore. The word ‘Elder/s’ is capitalised as a mark of respect (University of New South Wales, 2019).
Extended scope of practice refers to taking on ‘a discrete knowledge or skills base additional to the recognised scope of practice of a profession and/or regulatory context of a particular jurisdiction’ (Allied Health Profession’s Office of Queensland, 2014, p. 11).
Evidence-based practice refers to the integration of evidence gleaned from the best available external research evidence, the perspectives and values of clients, clinical expertise and the practice context (SPA, 2021).
Prevention and promotion strategies and initiatives can be primary, secondary or tertiary in nature. Primary prevention focuses on eliminating or inhibiting onset and development of a communication, swallowing or mealtime participation need. Secondary prevention involves early detection and treatment of communication, swallowing and mealtime needs that may eliminate the need to slow its progress, thereby preventing secondary complications. Tertiary prevention involves reducing need by attempting to restore effective functioning. The major approach is rehabilitation when some level of residual need results from an existing difficulty (ASHA, 1988).
The Certification Program is the regulatory framework within which the recency of practice and continuing professional development obligations of certified practising speech pathologists are monitored and enforced (SPA, 2022).
The term support worker includes paid or voluntary workers who are delegated tasks by a speech pathologist to facilitate the delivery of speech pathology services. Other terms for support workers may include support staff, allied health workers, allied health assistants, therapy aides, integration aides, language/literacy aides or school services officers. It is acknowledged that support workers may be part of a multidisciplinary team and may also be supervised and delegated tasks by school principals, teachers and other health professionals (SPA, 2014).
Volunteering in speech pathology occurs when speech pathology related services are provided without financial gain to the speech pathologist, of the individual’s own free will and without coercion (SPA, 2015).